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Nic Carter: Quantum computing is only an "engineering challenge" away from breaking Bitcoin, with 1.7 million bitcoins at risk of attackBlockBeats News, December 20, Nic Carter, the father of smart contracts and co-founder of Castle Island Ventures, published a long article stating that renowned quantum theorist and scholar Scott Aaronson's research shows that quantum computing is only an "extremely difficult" engineering challenge away from breaking bitcoin, rather than requiring new fundamental discoveries in physics. Nic Carter pointed out that, in theory, bitcoin could undergo a soft fork and adopt a "post-quantum" (PQ) signature scheme. There are indeed some quantum-resistant cryptographic signature schemes available today. However, the main issue lies in determining the specific post-quantum scheme, organizing the soft fork, and the arduous task of migrating tens of millions of addresses with balances. Therefore, the mitigation measures needed for bitcoin to defend against quantum computing attacks may take nearly a decade to implement. In addition, since a large number of vulnerable bitcoins are stored in abandoned addresses, and the owners of these addresses cannot be forced to move their bitcoins, even if bitcoin is upgraded to post-quantum signatures, it still faces the risk of 1.7 million bitcoins being suddenly stolen by quantum attackers. Bitcoin not only needs to be upgraded in an orderly and timely manner, but bitcoin holders must also collectively agree to confiscate these 1.7 million bitcoins to eliminate this risk—a move that is unprecedented in bitcoin's history. As a result, Nic Carter urges and calls on the bitcoin community and developers to take mitigation measures as soon as possible, rather than viewing the threat of quantum computing with indifference and excessive optimism.