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Jinse Finance reported that vitalik.eth posted on X, stating, "Protocol modifications that add hard fixed rules can both enhance the security of the Ethereum protocol and improve its adaptability in the future. 2021: Ethereum Improvement Proposals EIP-2929 and EIP-3529 (increasing gas fees for storage read operations and reducing gas refund amounts) 2024: Weakening of the contract self-destruct instruction function (implemented with the Dencun upgrade) 2025: Setting a single transaction gas fee cap at 16.777216 millions All of these modifications establish various hard limits on the maximum processing capacity of a single block or transaction, which not only completely avoids multiple types of denial-of-service attack risks, but also simplifies client code and opens up more feasible paths for improving system efficiency. I expect that the following hard rules will need to be advanced in the near future: Limiting the amount of accessible code bytes (short-term solution: increasing the cost of calling large contracts; mid-term solution: adopting a binary tree storage structure combined with a block-based billing model) Setting a limit on the computation cycles of zero-knowledge proof Ethereum Virtual Machine verifiers (with corresponding fee adjustments) Adjusting memory billing methods to set a clearer hard cap on the maximum memory consumption of the Ethereum Virtual Machine."

ChainCatcher News, Vitalik Buterin stated that Ethereum will continue to enhance security and scalability through "hard invariants." He reviewed the 2021 EIP-2929/3529, which increased SLOAD costs and weakened refunds; the 2024 Dencun upgrade, which weakened SELFDESTRUCT; and the 2025 plan to set a single transaction limit of 16,777,216 gas, restricting the executable size of a single transaction or block, reducing DoS risks, and simplifying clients. He also suggested that in the future, limits should be set for code byte access, ZK‑EVM prover cycles, and memory pricing.